In wastewater treatment facilities, biological treatment may fall short in colour, odour, and micro-contaminant removal. Pharmaceutical active substances, hormones, and endocrine-disrupting compounds are persistent contaminants capable of passing through conventional biological processes and reaching receiving water bodies.
Ozone-based advanced oxidation (AOP) effectively breaks down these contaminants: research shows that ozone can achieve 70–90% additional COD removal and over 90% colour removal at biological treatment outlet. Ozone+H₂O₂ or ozone+UV combinations (AOP) deliver over 95% removal rates for resistant pharmaceutical compounds (diclofenac, ibuprofen, 17β-estradiol, etc.) (literature review, Water Science and Technology). Reduced odour complaints improve facilities' social licence to operate and make compliance with community quality standards and regulatory requirements easier to manage.